the debris and air will reach your faucets whenever the valve opens, that part is unavoidable. The benefit of closing it isn't preventing debris entirely, it's controlling when and how it happens.
With your valve closed during the outage:
You choose the moment. Water can be restored to the building at 3am or while you're out at work. If your valve is open, the surge and dirty first-flush hits every fixture unattended, and any tap someone forgot to close starts running.
You can open the valve slowly. Cracking it open a little at a time reduces the pressure surge and lets air escape more gently, instead of a sudden slam through the whole system.
You can purge in a controlled way. Open the valve, then run one cold tap (ideally a bathtub or utility sink, something with no aerator to clog) for a minute or two to flush the worst of the debris. Then open the rest. This protects your faucet aerators, washing machine filter, and toilet fill valves from taking the brunt of it.
So it's less about avoiding debris and more about not being ambushed by it.